Realist synthesis is a methodology used to develop evidence-based theories that help people understand by what mechanisms an intervention works. This method of evidence synthesis is implemented by researchers who want to answer the question of “for who” and “in what circumstances” an intervention can be successfully implemented and used. It is an increasingly popular method due to its applicability to investigations of complex health interventions.
Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group (CIDG) Research Associate, Tilly Fox, attended a Realist Reviews and Realist Evaluation workshop at University of Oxford in May 2024. This week-long course provided a small group of participants from a range of health backgrounds the opportunity to learn about the principles, processes, and applications of realist methods for primary and secondary research.
For Tilly, this course provided an opportunity to explore the application of realist methods to many of the complex health interventions that are used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. She intends to use this method to investigate the implementation and sustained use of technical vector-control interventions for preventing malaria.
“This was a fantastic opportunity to visit Oxford and receive insightful and intensive training in an exciting evidence synthesis methodology. As an early career researcher, this course allowed me to add a unique new skill to my growing evidence synthesis expertise and introduced me to a supportive group of global researchers. I’m already looking forward to putting this research into action".
Some key realist reading materials and resources are suggested below:
- Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards project - https://www.ramesesproject.org/
- Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review - a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy. 2005;10(1_suppl):21-34. doi:10.1258/1355819054308530
- Wong G. Realist reviews in health policy and systems research. In: Langlois ÉV, Daniels K, Akl EA, editors. Evidence Synthesis for Health Policy and Systems: A Methods Guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 Oct 8. Methods commentary. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK569577/
Tilly’s attendance on this course was thanks to the generosity of the family of Dr Paul Bedingfield. The Paul Bedingfield Prize is awarded annually to support the development of early career LSTM researchers in global health fields.
The course also offered the opportunity to visit some of the famous Oxford sites, including Christ Church College dining hall!
Tilly Fox is supported by the Research, Evidence and Development Initiative (READ-It) project. READ-It (project number 300342-104) is funded by UK aid from the UK government; however, the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK government’s official policies.